Lounging in a lysosome: the intracellular lifestyle of Coxiella burnetii.
Daniel E. Voth,Robert A. Heinzen +1 more
TLDR
Current understanding of the cellular events that occur during parasitism of host cells by Coxiella, including deployment of a type IV secretion system to deliver effector proteins to the host cytosol is summarized.Abstract:
Summary
Most intracellular parasites employ sophisticated mechanisms to direct biogenesis of a vacuolar replicative niche that circumvents default maturation through the endolysosomal cascade. However, this is not the case of the Q fever bacterium, Coxiella burnetii. This hardy, obligate intracellular pathogen has evolved to not only survive, but to thrive, in the harshest of intracellular compartments: the phagolysosome. Following internalization, the nascent Coxiella phagosome ultimately develops into a large and spacious parasitophorous vacuole (PV) that acquires lysosomal characteristics such as acidic pH, acid hydrolases and cationic peptides, defences designed to rid the host of intruders. However, transit of Coxiella to this environment is initially stalled, a process that is apparently modulated by interactions with the autophagic pathway. Coxiella actively participates in biogenesis of its PV by synthesizing proteins that mediate phagosome stalling, autophagic interactions, and development and maintenance of the mature vacuole. Among the potential mechanisms mediating these processes is deployment of a type IV secretion system to deliver effector proteins to the host cytosol. Here we summarize our current understanding of the cellular events that occur during parasitism of host cells by Coxiella.read more
Citations
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Antimicrobial mechanisms of phagocytes and bacterial evasion strategies
TL;DR: An overview of the antimicrobial defences of the host cell is presented, with emphasis on macrophages, for which phagocytosis has been studied most extensively and some of the evasive strategies used by bacteria are described.
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From Q Fever to Coxiella burnetii Infection: a Paradigm Change.
Carole Eldin,Cléa Melenotte,Oleg Mediannikov,Eric Ghigo,Matthieu Million,Sophie Edouard,Jean-Louis Mege,Max Maurin,Didier Raoult +8 more
TL;DR: All the progress made over the last 20 years on this topic are reviewed, including the breaking of the old dichotomy between “acute” and “chronic” Q fever and the achievement of determining the genome sequences of several strains of this species and comparative genomic analyses.
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The Phenotypes of Pluripotent Human Hepatic Progenitors
TL;DR: Human livers contain two pluripotent hepatic progenitors, hepatic stem cells and hepatoblasts, with size, morphology, and gene expression profiles distinct from that of mature hepatocytes.
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Endocytosis of viruses and bacteria.
Pascale Cossart,Ari Helenius +1 more
TL;DR: The endocytic entry processes used by viruses and bacteria are discussed and strategies used by these dissimilar classes of pathogens are compared.
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Selection against undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells by a cytotoxic antibody recognizing podocalyxin-like protein-1.
Andre Choo,Heng Liang Tan,Sheu Ngo Ang,Wey Jia Fong,Angela Chin,Jennifer Chi Yi Lo,Lu Zheng,Hannes Hentze,Robin Philp,Steve Oh,Miranda Yap +10 more
TL;DR: The data indicate that mAb 84 may be useful in eliminating residual hESC from differentiated cells populations for clinical applications, and the antigen is podocalyxin‐like protein‐1.
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