Origins and Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance
Julian Davies,Dorothy Davies +1 more
TLDR
A review of antibiotic resistance development over the past half-century can be found in this article, with the oft-restated conclusion that it is time to act and to restore the therapeutic applications of antibiotics.Abstract:
Antibiotics have always been considered one of the wonder discoveries of the 20th century. This is true, but the real wonder is the rise of antibiotic resistance in hospitals, communities, and the environment concomitant with their use. The extraordinary genetic capacities of microbes have benefitted from man's overuse of antibiotics to exploit every source of resistance genes and every means of horizontal gene transmission to develop multiple mechanisms of resistance for each and every antibiotic introduced into practice clinically, agriculturally, or otherwise. This review presents the salient aspects of antibiotic resistance development over the past half-century, with the oft-restated conclusion that it is time to act. To achieve complete restitution of therapeutic applications of antibiotics, there is a need for more information on the role of environmental microbiomes in the rise of antibiotic resistance. In particular, creative approaches to the discovery of novel antibiotics and their expedited and controlled introduction to therapy are obligatory.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Antibiotic resistance—the need for global solutions
Ramanan Laxminarayan,Ramanan Laxminarayan,Ramanan Laxminarayan,Adriano Duse,Chand Wattal,Anita K. M. Zaidi,Heiman F. L. Wertheim,Nithima Sumpradit,Erika Vlieghe,Gabriel Levy Hara,Ian M. Gould,Herman Goossens,Christina Greko,Anthony D. So,Maryam Bigdeli,Goeran Tomson,Will Woodhouse,Eva Ombaka,Arturo Quizhpe Peralta,Farah Naz Qamar,Fatima Mir,Sam Kariuki,Zulfigar A. Bhutta,Anthony R.M. Coates,Richard Bergstrom,Gerard D. Wright,Eric D. Brown,Otto Cars +27 more
TL;DR: The global situation of antibiotic resistance, its major causes and consequences, and key areas in which action is urgently needed are described and identified.
Journal ArticleDOI
Natural Antibiotic Resistance and Contamination by Antibiotic Resistance Determinants: The Two Ages in the Evolution of Resistance to Antimicrobials
TL;DR: The study of antibiotic resistance has been historically concentrated on the analysis of bacterial pathogens and on the consequences of acquiring resistance for human health, but the studies on antibiotic resistance should not be confined to clinical-associated ecosystems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Urban wastewater treatment plants as hotspots for antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes spread into the environment: a review.
Luigi Rizzo,Célia M. Manaia,Christophe Merlin,Thomas Schwartz,Christophe Dagot,Marie-Cécile Ploy,I. Michael,Despo Fatta-Kassinos +7 more
TL;DR: The final objective is to implement wastewater treatment technologies capable of assuring the production of UWTPs effluents with an acceptable level of ARB, to understand the factors and mechanisms that drive antibiotic resistance maintenance and selection in wastewater habitats.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global antibiotic consumption 2000 to 2010: an analysis of national pharmaceutical sales data
Thomas P. Van Boeckel,Sumanth Gandra,Ashvin Ashok,Quentin Caudron,Bryan T. Grenfell,Bryan T. Grenfell,Simon A. Levin,Ramanan Laxminarayan,Ramanan Laxminarayan,Ramanan Laxminarayan +9 more
TL;DR: To prevent a striking rise in resistance in low-income and middle-income countries with large populations and to preserve antibiotic efficacy worldwide, programmes that promote rational use through coordinated efforts by the international community should be a priority.
Journal ArticleDOI
Urban wastewater treatment plants as hotspots for the release of antibiotics in the environment: a review
I. Michael,Luigi Rizzo,Christa S. McArdell,Célia M. Manaia,Christophe Merlin,Thomas Schwartz,Christophe Dagot,Despo Fatta-Kassinos +7 more
TL;DR: The aim of the present paper is to critically review the fate and removal of various antibiotics in wastewater treatment, focusing on different processes (i.e. biological processes, advanced treatment technologies and disinfection) in view of the current concerns related to the induction of toxic effects in aquatic and terrestrial organisms.
References
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