Roles and regulation of the mucus barrier in the gut.
TLDR
Insight into how factors modulate the mucus barrier in the gut is necessary in order to develop strategies to combat these disorders.Abstract:
The gastrointestinal tract is coated by a thick layer of mucus that forms the front line of innate host defense. Mucus consists of high molecular weight glycoproteins called mucins that are synthesized and secreted by goblet cells and functions primarily to lubricate the epithelium and protect it from damage by noxious substances. Recent studies have also suggested the involvement of goblet cells and mucins in complex immune functions such as antigen presentation and tolerance. Under normal physiological conditions, goblet cells continually produce mucins to replenish and maintain the mucus barrier; however, goblet cell function can be disrupted by various factors that can affect the integrity of the mucus barrier. Some of these factors such as microbes, microbial toxins and cytokines can stimulate or inhibit mucin production and secretion, alter the chemical composition of mucins or degrade the mucus layer. This can lead to a compromised mucus barrier and subsequently to various pathological conditions l...read more
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Diet-Independent Correlations between Bacteria and Dysfunction of Gut, Adipose Tissue, and Liver: A Comprehensive Microbiota Analysis in Feces and Mucosa of the Ileum and Colon in Obese Mice with NAFLD.
Eveline Gart,Everton Souto Lima,Frank H. J. Schuren,Christa de Ruiter,Joline Attema,Lars Verschuren,Jaap Keijer,Kanita Salic,Martine C. Morrison,Robert Kleemann +9 more
TL;DR: A first systematic analysis of microbiota changes in the ileum and colon using multiple diets and investigating both fecal and mucosal samples demonstrates correlations between the microbiota and dysfunctions of gut, adipose tissue, and liver, independent of a specific disease-inducing diet.
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Mucus barrier, mucins and gut microbiota: the expected slimy partners?
Paola Paone,Patrice D. Cani +1 more
TL;DR: Different aspects of the mucus layer are debated by focusing on its chemical composition, regulation of synthesis and degradation by the microbiota as well as some characteristics of the slime layer in both physiological and pathological situations.
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Role of Gut Microbiota-Generated Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Metabolic and Cardiovascular Health
TL;DR: The role for gut microbiota-generated SCFA in protecting against the effects of energy dense diets offers an intriguing new avenue for regulating metabolic health and CVD risk.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interleukin 10 blocked endoplasmic reticulum stress in intestinal epithelial cells: impact on chronic inflammation
Dirk Haller,Anna Shkoda,Sandra C. Kim,Hanelore Daniel,Gerhard Rogler,Balfour R. Sartor,Pedro A. Ruiz +6 more
TL;DR: Primary IEC from inflamed IL-10-/- mice and inflammatory bowel disease patients revealed activated ER stress responses in the intestinal epithelium, and functional epithelial cell proteomics was used to characterize anti-inflammatory mechanisms of interleukin 10.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chronic stress promotes colitis by disturbing the gut microbiota and triggering immune system response
Xinghua Gao,Qiuhua Cao,Yan Cheng,Dan-Dan Zhao,Zhuo Wang,Zhuo Wang,Hongbao Yang,Qijin Wu,Linjun You,Yue Wang,Yanting Lin,Xianjing Li,Yun Wang,Jin-Song Bian,Dongdong Sun,Lingyi Kong,Lutz Birnbaumer,Lutz Birnbaumer,Yong Yang +18 more
TL;DR: Chronic stress disturbed gut microbiota, triggering immune system response and facilitating DSS-induced colitis, and results showed stress-induced deficient expression of mucin-2 and lysozyme, which may contribute to the disorder of gut microbiota.
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