Seasonal and Annual Fluxes of Nutrients and Organic Matter from Large Rivers to the Arctic Ocean and Surrounding Seas
Robert M. Holmes,James W. McClelland,Bruce J. Peterson,Suzanne E. Tank,Ekaterina Bulygina,Timothy I. Eglinton,Viacheslav Gordeev,Tatiana Yu. Gurtovaya,Peter A. Raymond,Daniel J. Repeta,Robin Staples,Robert G. Striegl,Alexander V. Zhulidov,Sergey A. Zimov +13 more
TLDR
In this article, seasonal and annual constituent fluxes have been determined using consistent sampling and analytical methods at the pan-Arctic scale and consequently provide the best available estimates for constituent flux from land to the Arctic Ocean and surrounding seas.Abstract:
River inputs of nutrients and organic matter impact the biogeochemistry of arctic estuaries and the Arctic Ocean as a whole, yet there is considerable uncertainty about the magnitude of fluvial fluxes at the pan-Arctic scale. Samples from the six largest arctic rivers, with a combined watershed area of 11.3 × 106 km2, have revealed strong seasonal variations in constituent concentrations and fluxes within rivers as well as large differences among the rivers. Specifically, we investigate fluxes of dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic nitrogen, total dissolved phosphorus, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, nitrate, and silica. This is the first time that seasonal and annual constituent fluxes have been determined using consistent sampling and analytical methods at the pan-Arctic scale and consequently provide the best available estimates for constituent flux from land to the Arctic Ocean and surrounding seas. Given the large inputs of river water to the relatively small Arctic Ocean and the dramatic impacts that climate change is having in the Arctic, it is particularly urgent that we establish the contemporary river fluxes so that we will be able to detect future changes and evaluate the impact of the changes on the biogeochemistry of the receiving coastal and ocean systems.read more
Citations
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Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis.
Stefano Schiavon,Roberto Zecchin +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a document, redatto, voted and pubblicato by the Ipcc -Comitato intergovernativo sui cambiamenti climatici - illustra la sintesi delle ricerche svolte su questo tema rilevante.
Journal ArticleDOI
The physical oceanography of the transport of floating marine debris
Erik van Sebille,Stefano Aliani,Kara Lavender Law,Nikolai Maximenko,José M. Alsina,Andrei Bagaev,Andrei Bagaev,Melanie Bergmann,Bertrand Chapron,Irina Chubarenko,Andrés Cózar,Philippe Delandmeter,Matthias Egger,Baylor Fox-Kemper,Shungudzemwoyo P. Garaba,Lonneke Goddijn-Murphy,Britta Denise Hardesty,Matthew J. Hoffman,Atsuhiko Isobe,Cleo E. Jongedijk,Mikael L. A. Kaandorp,Liliya Khatmullina,Albert A. Koelmans,Tobias Kukulka,Charlotte Laufkötter,Laurent Lebreton,Delphine Lobelle,Delphine Lobelle,Delphine Lobelle,Christophe Maes,Victor Martinez-Vicente,M. A. Morales Maqueda,Marie Poulain-Zarcos,Marie Poulain-Zarcos,Ernesto Rodriguez,Peter G. Ryan,Alan L. Shanks,Won Joon Shim,Giuseppe Suaria,Martin Thiel,Ton S. van den Bremer,David Wichmann +41 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors comprehensively discuss what is known about the different processes that govern the transport of floating marine plastic debris in both the open ocean and the coastal zones, based on the published literature and referring to insights from neighbouring fields such as oil spill dispersion, marine safety recovery, plankton connectivity, and others.
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Reviews and syntheses: Effects of permafrost thaw on Arctic aquatic ecosystems
Jorien E. Vonk,Suzanne E. Tank,William B. Bowden,Isabelle Laurion,Warwick F. Vincent,Pavel Alekseychik,Marc Amyot,M. F. Billet,João Canário,Rose M. Cory,Bethany Deshpande,Manuel Helbig,M. Jammet,Jan Karlsson,Julia R. Larouche,Gwyneth A. MacMillan,Milla Rautio,K. M. Walter Anthony,Kimberly P. Wickland +18 more
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of permafrost thaw on lakes and streams in the Arctic were explored, where the authors explored the effect of both thermokarst (thawing and collapse of ice-rich permaculture) and deepening of the active layer (the surface soil layer that thaws and refreezes each year).
Journal ArticleDOI
Terrestrial carbon inputs to inland waters: A current synthesis of estimates and uncertainty
TL;DR: A review of flux estimates over the last decade has revealed an average increase of ∼ 0.3 Pg C yr−1, indicating a historical underestimation of the amount of terrestrial-C exported to inland waters.
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Freshwater and its role in the Arctic Marine System: Sources, disposition, storage, export, and physical and biogeochemical consequences in the Arctic and global oceans
Edward C. Carmack,Michiyo Yamamoto-Kawai,Thomas W. N. Haine,Sheldon Bacon,Bodil A. Bluhm,Camille Lique,Camille Lique,Humfrey Melling,Igor V. Polyakov,Fiamma Straneo,Mary-Louise Timmermans,William J. Williams +11 more
TL;DR: The Arctic Ocean is a fundamental node in the global hydrological cycle and the ocean's thermohaline circulation as discussed by the authors, and its key functions and processes include the delivery of fresh and low-salinity waters to the Arctic Ocean by river inflow, net precipitation, distillation during the freeze/thaw cycle, and Pacific Ocean inflows.
References
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Book
Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater
TL;DR: The most widely read reference in the water industry, Water Industry Reference as discussed by the authors, is a comprehensive reference tool for water analysis methods that covers all aspects of USEPA-approved water analysis.
Climate change 2007: the physical science basis
Susan Solomon,Dahe Qin,Martin R. Manning,Melinda Marquis,Kristen Averyt,Melinda M.B. Tignor,H. L. Miller,Z. Chen +7 more
TL;DR: The first volume of the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report as mentioned in this paper was published in 2007 and covers several topics including the extensive range of observations now available for the atmosphere and surface, changes in sea level, assesses the paleoclimatic perspective, climate change causes both natural and anthropogenic, and climate models for projections of global climate.
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