Institution
University of Otago
Education•Dunedin, New Zealand•
About: University of Otago is a education organization based out in Dunedin, New Zealand. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 21668 authors who have published 53810 publications receiving 1835189 citations. The organization is also known as: Otago University & otago.ac.nz.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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TL;DR: This review traces the epidemiology of both adamantane- and NAI-resistant IAV subtypes since the approval of these drugs and highlights the susceptibility status of currently circulating I AV subtypes to NAIs.
Abstract: Influenza A virus (IAV) is the sole cause of the unpredictable influenza pandemics and deadly zoonotic outbreaks and constitutes at least half of the cause of regular annual influenza epidemics in humans. Two classes of anti-IAV drugs, adamantanes and neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors (NAIs) targeting the viral components M2 ion channel and NA, respectively, have been approved to treat IAV infections. However, IAV rapidly acquired resistance against both classes of drugs by mutating these viral components. The adamantane-resistant IAV has established itself in nature, and a majority of the IAV subtypes, especially the most common H1N1 and H3N2, circulating globally are resistant to adamantanes. Consequently, adamantanes have become practically obsolete as anti-IAV drugs. Similarly, up to 100% of the globally circulating IAV H1N1 subtypes were resistant to oseltamivir, the most commonly used NAI, until 2009. However, the 2009 pandemic IAV H1N1 subtype, which was sensitive to NAIs and has now become one of the dominant seasonal influenza virus strains, has replaced the pre-2009 oseltamivir-resistant H1N1 variants. This review traces the epidemiology of both adamantane- and NAI-resistant IAV subtypes since the approval of these drugs and highlights the susceptibility status of currently circulating IAV subtypes to NAIs. Further, it provides an overview of currently and soon to be available control measures to manage current and emerging drug-resistant IAV. Finally, this review outlines the research directions that should be undertaken to manage the circulation of IAV in intermediate hosts and develop effective and alternative anti-IAV therapies.
324 citations
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TL;DR: The increased success of amphibian and reptile translocations reviewed in this study compared with the 1991 review is encouraging for future conservation projects, but more preparation, monitoring, reporting of results, and experimental testing of techniques and reintroduction questions need to occur to improve translocations of amphibians and reptiles as a whole.
Abstract: Translocations are important tools in the field of conservation. Despite increased use over the last few decades, the appropriateness of translocations for amphibians and reptiles has been debated widely over the past 20 years. To provide a comprehensive evaluation of the suitability of amphibians and reptiles for translocation, we reviewed the results of amphibian and reptile translocation projects published between 1991 and 2006. The success rate of amphibian and reptile translocations reported over this period was twice that reported in an earlier review in 1991. Success and failure rates were independent of the taxonomic class (Amphibia or Reptilia) released. Reptile translocations driven by human-wildlife conflict mitigation had a higher failure rate than those motivated by conservation, and more recent projects of reptile translocations had unknown outcomes. The outcomes of amphibian translocations were significantly related to the number of animals released, with projects releasing over 1000 individuals being most successful. The most common reported causes of translocation failure were homing and migration of introduced individuals out of release sites and poor habitat. The increased success of amphibian and reptile translocations reviewed in this study compared with the 1991 review is encouraging for future conservation projects. Nevertheless, more prepara- tion, monitoring, reporting of results, and experimental testing of techniques and reintroduction questions need to occur to improve translocations of amphibians and reptiles as a whole.
323 citations
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TL;DR: The definition of the key cluster of estrogen-sensitive neurons responsible for activating the GnRH neurons to evoke the Gn RH surge (and ovulation) should be of substantial value to on-going efforts to understand the molecular and cellular basis of the estrogen positive feedback mechanism.
323 citations
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TL;DR: This prospective comparison study compared the prognostic ability of the breast-cancer index (BCI) assay, 21-gene recurrence score (Oncotype DX), and an immunohistochemical prognostic model (IHC4) for both early and late recurrence in patients with oestrogen-receptor-positive, node-negative breast cancer who took part in the Arimidex, Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination clinical trial.
Abstract: Summary Background Biomarkers to improve the risk–benefit of extended adjuvant endocrine therapy for late recurrence in patients with oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer would be clinically valuable. We compared the prognostic ability of the breast-cancer index (BCI) assay, 21-gene recurrence score (Oncotype DX), and an immunohistochemical prognostic model (IHC4) for both early and late recurrence in patients with oestrogen-receptor-positive, node-negative (N0) disease who took part in the Arimidex, Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination (ATAC) clinical trial. Methods In this prospective comparison study, we obtained archival tumour blocks from the TransATAC tissue bank from all postmenopausal patients with oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer from whom the 21-gene recurrence score and IHC4 values had already been derived. We did BCI analysis in matched samples with sufficient residual RNA using two BCI models—cubic (BCI-C) and linear (BCI-L)—using previously validated cutoffs. We assessed prognostic ability of BCI for distant recurrence over 10 years (the primary endpoint) and compared it with that of the 21-gene recurrence score and IHC4. We also tested the ability of the assays to predict early (0–5 years) and late (5–10 years) distant recurrence. To assess the ability of the biomarkers to predict recurrence beyond standard clinicopathological variables, we calculated the change in the likelihood-ratio χ 2 (LR-Δχ 2 ) from Cox proportional hazards models. Findings Suitable tissue was available from 665 patients with oestrogen-receptor-positive, N0 breast cancer for BCI analysis. The primary analysis showed significant differences in risk of distant recurrence over 10 years in the categorical BCI-C risk groups (p 2 =22·69; p 2 =13·68; p=0·0002) and IHC4 was similar (HR 1·69 [95% CI 1·51–2·56]; LR-Δχ 2 =22·83; p 2 =15·42, p 2 =18·48, p 2 =29·14, p 2 =7·97, p=0·0048; 21-gene recurrence score HR 1·13 [0·82–1·56], LR-Δχ 2 =0·48, p=0·47; IHC4 HR 1·30 [0·88–1·94], LR-Δχ 2 =1·59, p=0·20). Interpretation BCI-L was the only significant prognostic test for risk of both early and late distant recurrence and identified two risk populations for each timeframe. It could help to identify patients at high risk for late distant recurrence who might benefit from extended endocrine or other therapy. Funding Avon Foundation, National Institutes of Health, Breast Cancer Foundation, US Department of Defense Breast Cancer Research Program, Susan G Komen for the Cure, Breakthrough Breast Cancer through the Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Foundation, AstraZeneca, Cancer Research UK, and the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at the Royal Marsden (London, UK).
323 citations
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National Oceanography Centre, Southampton1, Texas A&M University2, Tohoku University3, University of Bristol4, Ocean Drilling Program5, University of California, Davis6, University of Leicester7, Stockholm University8, University of Paris9, University College London10, University of New Orleans11, University of Florida12, Goethe University Frankfurt13, University of California, Santa Cruz14, National Institute of Oceanography, India15, Imperial College London16, University of Birmingham17, Cardiff University18, Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory19, University of Münster20, Hokkaido University21, Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences22, Shimane University23, University of Kiel24, Indiana University of Pennsylvania25, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology26, Ibaraki University27, Kōchi University28, Rice University29, University of Michigan30, University of Otago31, University of Louisiana at Lafayette32, University of Rhode Island33, Spanish National Research Council34, University of South Carolina35, Pennsylvania State University36, Utrecht University37, Pusan National University38, Tongji University39, University of Leeds40, University of Bremen41, University of Hawaii at Manoa42, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology43
TL;DR: A carbonate accumulation record that covers the past 53 million years from a depth transect in the equatorial Pacific Ocean is presented and large superimposed fluctuations in carbonate compensation depth are found during the middle and late Eocene.
Abstract: Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and climate are regulated on geological timescales by the balance between carbon input from volcanic and metamorphic outgassing and its removal by weathering feedbacks; these feedbacks involve the erosion of silicate rocks and organic-carbon-bearing rocks. The integrated effect of these processes is reflected in the calcium carbonate compensation depth, which is the oceanic depth at which calcium carbonate is dissolved. Here we present a carbonate accumulation record that covers the past 53 million years from a depth transect in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. The carbonate compensation depth tracks long-term ocean cooling, deepening from 3.0-3.5 kilometres during the early Cenozoic (approximately 55 million years ago) to 4.6 kilometres at present, consistent with an overall Cenozoic increase in weathering. We find large superimposed fluctuations in carbonate compensation depth during the middle and late Eocene. Using Earth system models, we identify changes in weathering and the mode of organic-carbon delivery as two key processes to explain these large-scale Eocene fluctuations of the carbonate compensation depth.
322 citations
Authors
Showing all 21953 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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David Miller | 203 | 2573 | 204840 |
Terrie E. Moffitt | 182 | 594 | 150609 |
Tien Yin Wong | 160 | 1880 | 131830 |
Grant W. Montgomery | 157 | 926 | 108118 |
Ichiro Kawachi | 149 | 1216 | 90282 |
David M. Fergusson | 127 | 474 | 55992 |
Carlos A. Camargo | 125 | 1283 | 69143 |
Philip H Butler | 125 | 970 | 71999 |
Francis V. Chisari | 123 | 322 | 54772 |
Michael P. Murphy | 120 | 601 | 53338 |
Guy S. Salvesen | 116 | 337 | 75598 |
Mitch Dowsett | 114 | 478 | 62453 |
Valerie Beral | 114 | 471 | 53729 |
Gordon Dougan | 114 | 715 | 55037 |
Christopher A. Hunter | 113 | 633 | 52559 |