Journal ArticleDOI
Liver lipid metabolism
Patrick Nguyen,Véronique Leray,Marianne Diez,Samuel Serisier,J. Le Bloc’h,Brigitte Siliart,Henri Dumon +6 more
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TLDR
This review focuses on transcription factors such as sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein-1c and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, which promote either hepatic fatty acid synthesis or oxidation.Abstract:
The liver plays a key role in lipid metabolism. Depending on species it is, more or less, the hub of fatty acid synthesis and lipid circulation through lipoprotein synthesis. Eventually the accumulation of lipid droplets into the hepatocytes results in hepatic steatosis, which may develop as a consequence of multiple dysfunctions such as alterations in beta-oxidation, very low density lipoprotein secretion, and pathways involved in the synthesis of fatty acids. In addition an increased circulating pool of non-esterified fatty acid may also to be a major determinant in the pathogenesis fatty liver disease. This review also focuses on transcription factors such as sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein-1c and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, which promote either hepatic fatty acid synthesis or oxidation.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
The interaction of hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism in liver diseases
Lars P. Bechmann,Rebekka A. Hannivoort,Guido Gerken,Goekhan S. Hotamisligil,Michael Trauner,Ali Canbay +5 more
TL;DR: Novel findings related to nuclear receptor signaling in hepatic lipid and glucose uptake, storage and metabolism in the clinical context of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver regeneration, and cancer are focused on.
Journal ArticleDOI
Adipose Tissue Dysfunction as Determinant of Obesity-Associated Metabolic Complications
Michele Longo,Federica Zatterale,Federica Zatterale,Jamal Naderi,Jamal Naderi,Luca Parrillo,Luca Parrillo,Pietro Formisano,Pietro Formisano,Gregory Alexander Raciti,Gregory Alexander Raciti,Francesco Beguinot,Francesco Beguinot,Claudia Miele,Claudia Miele +14 more
TL;DR: A better understanding of the mechanisms regulating adipose tissue expansion in obesity is required for the development of future therapeutic approaches in obesity-associated metabolic complications.
Journal ArticleDOI
Decoding cell death signals in liver inflammation.
Catherine Brenner,Catherine Brenner,Lorenzo Galluzzi,Lorenzo Galluzzi,Oliver Kepp,Oliver Kepp,Guido Kroemer +6 more
TL;DR: The cellular and molecular mechanisms that account for the most deleterious effect of hepatic inflammation at the cellular level are discussed, that is, the initiation of a massive cell death response among hepatocytes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular mechanisms of hepatic lipid accumulation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
TL;DR: This narrative review investigates the molecular mechanisms of hepatic steatosis in NAFLD, focusing on the four major pathways contributing to lipid homeostasis in the liver.
Journal ArticleDOI
UPR pathways combine to prevent hepatic steatosis caused by ER stress-mediated suppression of transcriptional master regulators
D. Thomas Rutkowski,Jun Wu,Sung Hoon Back,Michael U. Callaghan,Michael U. Callaghan,Sean P. Ferris,Jahangir Iqbal,Robert Clark,Hongzhi Miao,Justin R. Hassler,Jamie L. Fornek,Michael G. Katze,M. Mahmood Hussain,Benbo Song,Jayanth Swathirajan,Junying Wang,Grace D.-Y. Yau,Randal J. Kaufman +17 more
TL;DR: An unanticipated direct link between ER homeostasis and the transcriptional regulation of metabolism is revealed, and mechanisms by which ER stress might underlie fatty liver disease are suggested.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
SREBP transcription factors: master regulators of lipid homeostasis.
TL;DR: The unique regulation and activation properties of each SREBP isoform facilitate the co-ordinate regulation of lipid metabolism; however, further studies are needed to understand the detailed regulation pathways that specifically regulate each S REBP isoforms.
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The peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) and their effects on lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation
TL;DR: In rodents, a PPAR alpha-mediated change in the expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism lies at the basis of the phenomenon of peroxisome proliferation, a pleiotropic cellular response, mainly limited to liver and kidney and which can lead to hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Liver X receptors as integrators of metabolic and inflammatory signaling.
Noam Zelcer,Peter Tontonoz +1 more
TL;DR: The liver X receptors are nuclear receptors that play central roles in the transcriptional control of lipid metabolism and are particularly attractive targets for intervention in human metabolic disease.
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Enzymes of triacylglycerol synthesis and their regulation
TL;DR: De novo biosynthesis of triacylglycerol in eukaryotic cells, the isoenzymes that are involved, their subcellular locations, how they are regulated, and their putative individual roles in glycerolipid biosynthesis are focused on.
Journal ArticleDOI
Etiology of Lipid-Related Metabolic Disorders in Periparturient Dairy Cows
TL;DR: Research to determine methods to reduce fatty acid delivery to the liver or to enhance hepatic export of very low density lipoprotein near calving is warranted because of increased fatty acid uptake by the liver, fatty acid esterification, and triglyceride storage.