F
Francesco Iacoangeli
Researcher at Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
Publications - 56
Citations - 3554
Francesco Iacoangeli is an academic researcher from Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare. The author has contributed to research in topics: Detector & Large Hadron Collider. The author has an hindex of 15, co-authored 48 publications receiving 3211 citations. Previous affiliations of Francesco Iacoangeli include Sapienza University of Rome.
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Journal ArticleDOI
The LHCb detector at the LHC
A. A. Alves,L. M. Andrade Filho,A. F. Barbosa,Ignacio Bediaga,G. Cernicchiaro,G. Guerrer,H. P. Lima Jr,A. A. Machado,J. Magnin,F. Marujo,J. M. De Miranda,Alberto dos Reis,A. S. Santos,Alessandra Choqueta de Toledo,Kazuyoshi Carvalho Akiba,Sandra Amato,B. De Souza Paula,L. De Paula,T. da Silva,M. Gandelman,Jose Lopes,B. Marechal,D. Moraes,Erica Polycarpo,F. Ferreira Rodrigues,J. Ballansat,Y. Bastian,D. Boget,I. De Bonis,Victor Coco,Pieter David,D. Decamp,P. Delebecque,C. Drancourt,N. Dumont-Dayot,C. Girard,B. Lieunard,M. N. Minard,B. Pietrzyk,T. Rambure,G. Rospabe,Stephane T'Jampens,Ziad Ajaltouni,G. Bohner,R. Bonnefoy,David Borras,C. Carloganu,H. Chanal,Eric Conte,R. Cornat,M. Crouau,E. Delage,Olivier Deschamps,Pierre Henrard,Philippe Jacquet,C. Lacan,J. Laubser,J. Lecoq,R. Lefèvre,M. Magne,M. Martemiyanov,M. L. Mercier,S. Monteil,V. Niess,Pascal Perret,G. Reinmuth,Anne Robert,S. Suchorski,K. Arnaud,Elie Aslanides,J. Babel,C. Benchouk,J.-P. Cachemiche,J. G. Cogan,Frederic Derue,B. Dinkespiler,P.-Y. Duval,Vincent Garonne,S. Favard,R. Le Gac,F. Leon,Olivier Leroy,P. L. Liotard,Francesco Marin,Mohsine Menouni,P. Ollive,S. Poss,A. Roche,M. Sapunov,L. Tocco,Benoit Viaud,Andrei Tsaregorodtsev,Yasmine Amhis,G. C. Barrand,Sergey Barsuk,C. Beigbeder,R. Beneyton,D. Breton,O. Callot,D. Charlet,B. D'Almagne,O. Duarte,F. Fulda-Quenzer,A. Jacholkowska,B. Jean-Marie,Jacques Lefrançois,Frederic Machefert,Patrick Robbe,Marie Helene Schune,V. Tocut,I. Videau,M. Benayoun,P. N. Y. David,L. Del Buono,Geoffrey Gilles,M. Domke,H. Futterschneider,Ch. Ilgner,P. Kapusta,M. Kolander,R. Krause,M. Lieng,M. Nedos,K. Rudloff,S. Schleich,R. Schwierz,B. Spaan,K. Wacker,K. Warda,M. Agari,C. Bauer,D. Baumeister,N. Bulian,H. P. Fuchs,W. Fallot-Burghardt,T. Glebe,Werner Hofmann,K. T. Knöpfle,S. Löchner,A. Ludwig,Florin Maciuc,F. Sanchez Nieto,Michael Schmelling,B. Schwingenheuer,E. Sexauer,Nigel Smale,U. Trunk,H. Voss,Johannes Albrecht,Sebastian Bachmann,J. Blouw,M. Deissenroth,H. Deppe,H. B. Dreis,F. Eisele,T. Haas,Stephanie Hansmann-Menzemer,S. Hennenberger,J. Knopf,M. Moch,Adrian Perieanu,S. Rabenecker,A. Rausch,C Rummel,R. Rusnyak,Manuel Schiller,U. Stange,U. Uwer,M. Walter,R. Ziegler,G. Avoni,G. Balbi,F. Bonifazi,D. Bortolotti,A. Carbone,I. d'Antone,Domenico Galli,D. Gregori,I. Lax,U. Marconi,G. Peco,Vincenzo Vagnoni,Giovanni Valenti,Stefania Vecchi,W. Bonivento,Alessandro Cardini,S. Cadeddu,V. Deleo,C. Deplano,S. Furcas,A. Lai,R. Oldeman,D. Raspino,Biagio Saitta,Nicola Serra,Wander Baldini,S. Brusa,S. Chiozzi,A. Cotta Ramusino,F. Evangelisti,A. Franconieri,S. Germani,A. Gianoli,L. Guoming,L. Landi,Roberto Malaguti,C. Padoan,C. Pennini,M. Savrie,S. Squerzanti,T. Zhao,M. Zhu,Andrea Bizzeti,Giacomo Graziani,M. Lenti,M. Lenzi,F. Maletta,S. Pennazzi,G. Passaleva,M. Veltri,M. Alfonsi,M. Anelli,A. Balla,A. Battisti,G. Bencivenni,P. Campana,M. Carletti,Paolo Ciambrone,G. Corradi,E. Dané,A. Divirgilio,P. Desimone,G. Felici,C. Forti,M. Gatta,Gaia Lanfranchi,F. Murtas,M. Pistilli,M. Poli Lener,R. Rosellini,M. Santoni,A. Saputi,Alessio Sarti,Adalberto Sciubba,A. Zossi,M. Ameri,S. Cuneo,Flavio Fontanelli,Valerio Gracco,G. Mini,M. Parodi,Alessandro Petrolini,Mario Sannino,A. Vinci,M. Alemi,C. Arnaboldi,T. Bellunato,Marta Calvi,F. Chignoli,A. De Lucia,G. Galotta,R. Mazza,C. Matteuzzi,M. Musy,P. Negri,D. L. Perego,G. Pessina,G. Auriemma,V. Bocci,A. Buccheri,G. Chiodi,S. Di Marco,Francesco Iacoangeli,G. Martellotti,R. Nobrega,A. Pelosi,Gianni Penso,Davide Pinci,W. Rinaldi,Alfredo De Rossi,R. Santacesaria,C. Satriano,Giovanni Carboni,M. Iannilli,A. Massafferri Rodrigues,R. Messi,G. Paoluzzi,G. Sabatino,Emanuele Santovetti,Alessia Satta,J. Amoraal,G. W. Van Apeldoorn,R. Arink,N. Van Bakel,Th. S. Bauer,A. Berkien,M. van Beuzekom,E. Bos,Ch. Bron,L. Ceelie,M. Doets,R Van der Eijk,J. P. Fransen,P. De Groen,V. Gromov,R. Hierck,J. Homma,Bart Hommels,W. Hoogland,Eddy Jans,F. Jansen,L. Jansen,M. Jaspers,B. Kaan,B. Koene,J. Koopstra,F. Kroes,M. Kraan,J. Langedijk,Marcel Merk,S. Mos,B. Munneke,J. Palacios,A. Papadelis,A. Pellegrino,O. van Petten,T. du Pree,E. Roeland,W. Ruckstuhl,A. Schimmel,H. Schuijlenburg,T. Sluijk,J. Spelt,J. Stolte,H. Terrier,Niels Tuning,A. Van Lysebetten,Peter Vankov,J. Verkooijen,B. Verlaat,W. Vink,H. de Vries,L.W. Wiggers,G. V. Ybeles Smit,N. Zaitsev,M. Zupan,A. Zwart,J. F. J. van den Brand,H. J. Bulten,M. de Jong,Tjeerd Ketel,Sander Klous,J. Kos,B. M'charek,F. Mul,G. Raven,Eduard Simioni,Jianping Cheng,G. Dai,Z. Deng,Yang Gao,G. Gong,H. Gong,J. He,L. Hou,Jing Li,W. Qian,B. B. Shao,Tao Xue,Zhenwei Yang,Ming Zeng,B. Muryn,Krzysztof Ciba,Agnieszka Oblakowska-Mucha,J. Blocki,K. Galuszka,L. Hajduk,Jerzy Michalowski,Z. Natkaniec,G. Polok,Marek Stodulski,Mariusz Witek,K. Brzozowski,A. Chlopik,P. Gawor,Z. Guzik,A. Nawrot,A. Srednicki,K. Syryczynski,Marek Szczekowski,F. Constantin,P. Cristian,Gh. Mihon,C. Pavel,S. Stoica,S. Filippov,Yu. Gavrilov,L. Golyshkin,Evgeny Gushchin,Oleg Karavichev,V. Klubakov,Leonid Kravchuk,V. Kutuzov,S. Laptev,Sergei Popov,A. Arefev,B. Bobchenko,V. Dolgoshein,Victor Egorychev,Andrey Golutvin,O. Gushchin,A. Konoplyannikov,I. Korolko,Tengiz Kvaratskheliya,I. Machikhiliyan,S. Malyshev,E. Mayatskaya,M. Prokudin,D. Rusinov,V. Rusinov,Pavel Shatalov,Lesya Shchutska,E. Tarkovskiy,A. Tayduganov,K. Voronchev,O. Zhiryakova,A V Bobrov,Alexander Bondar,Semen Eidelman,A. Kozlinsky,Lev Shekhtman,K. Beloous,R. Dzhelyadin,Yu. V. Gelitsky,Yu. Gouz,K. G. Kachnov,A. Kobelev,Viktor Matveev,V. Novikov,V. Obraztsov,A. P. Ostankov,V. Romanovsky,V.I. Rykalin,A. Soldatov,M. M. Soldatov,E. N. Tchernov,O. Yushchenko,B. Bochin,Nikolay Bondar,O. Fedorov,V. Golovtsov,S. Guets,A. Kashchuk,V. Lazarev,Oleg Maev,P. Neustroev,Naylya Sagidova,E. Spiridenkov,Serguei Volkov,Alexey Vorobyev,An.A. Vorobyov,E. Aguilo,S.A. Bota,M. Calvo,A. Comerma,X. Cano,Angel Dieguez,A. Herms,E. Lopez,S. Luengo,J. Garra,Ll. Garrido,David Gascon,A. Gaspar de Valenzuela,C. Gonzalez,Ricardo Graciani,E. Grauges,A. Perez. Calero,E. Picatoste,J. Riera,M. Rosello,H. Ruiz,X. Vilasis,X. Xirgu,Bernardo Adeva,X. Cid Vidal,D. Marténez Santos,D. Esperante Pereira,J. L. Fungueirino Pazos,A. Gallas Torreira,C. Lois Gomez,A. Pazos Alvarez,E. Perez Trigo,M. Plo Casasus,C. Rodriguez Cobo,P. Rodriguez Perez,J. Saborido,M. Seco,P. Vazquez Regueiro,P. Bartalini,A. Bay,Marc-Olivier Bettler,F. Blanc,J. Borel,B. Carron,C. Currat,G. Conti,O. Dormond,Y. Ermoline,P. Fauland,L. Fernandez,R. Frei,Guido Gagliardi,N. Gueissaz,Guido Haefeli,Adlène Hicheur,C. Jacoby,P. Jalocha,S. Jimenez-Otero,J P Hertig,M. Knecht,Federica Legger,L. Locatelli,J. R. Moser,Matthew Needham,L. Nicolas,A. Perrin-Giacomin,Jean-Pierre Perroud,C. Potterat,F. J. Ronga,O. Schneider,T. Schietinger,D. Steele,L. Studer,M. Tareb,Minh Tâm Tran,J. van Hunen,K. Vervink,Sara Villa,N. Zwahlen,Roland Bernet,A. Büchler,J. Gassner,F. Lehner,T. Sakhelashvili,C. Salzmann,P. Sievers,S. Steiner,O. Steinkamp,U. Straumann,J. van Tilburg,A. Vollhardt,D. Volyanskyy,M. Ziegler,Anatoliy Dovbnya,Y Ranyuk,Illya Shapoval,M. Borisova,V. Iakovenko,V. Kyva,O. Kovalchuk,O. Okhrimenko,Valery Pugatch,Y. Pylypchenko,Marco Adinolfi,N. H. Brook,RD Head,J. Imong,K. Lessnoff,F. Metlica,A. J. Muir,Jonas Rademacker,A. Solomin,P. M. Szczypka,C. Barham,C. Buszello,J. Dickens,Valerie Gibson,S. C. Haines,K. Harrison,Christopher Jones,S G Katvars,U. Kerzel,Cristina Lazzeroni,Yang Li,G. Rogers,John W. V. Storey,Hugh Philip Skottowe,S. A. Wotton,Tim Adye,C. Densham,Sajan Easo,B. Franek,P. Loveridge,D. Morrow,John Verlin Morris,R. Nandakumar,J. Nardulli,Antonios Papanestis,G. N. Patrick,S. Ricciardi,Michael L. Woodward,Zhen Zhang,R. Chamonal,Philip James Clark,Peter Clarke,Stephan Eisenhardt,N. Gilardi,Akram Khan,Yongsun Kim,R. W. Lambert,J. Lawrence,A. Main,J. Mccarron,Colin Mclean,Franz Muheim,A. F. Osorio-Oliveros,S. Playfer,Nicholas Adam Styles,Yuehong Xie,A. G. Bates,Laurence Carson,F. da Cunha Marinho,F. Doherty,Lars Eklund,Marco Gersabeck,L. Haddad,A. Macgregor,J. J. Melone,F. McEwan,D. Petrie,S. Paterson,C. Parkes,A. Pickford,B. Rakotomiaramanana,Eduardo Rodrigues,Aldo Saavedra,F. J. P. Soler,Tomasz Szumlak,S. Viret,L. Allebone,O. Awunor,John Back,G.J. Barber,Chris P. Barnes,B. Cameron,D. Clark,I. Clark,P. J. Dornan,A. Duane,C. Eames,Ulrik Egede,Maria Girone,S. Greenwood,R. Hallam,R. Hare,A. Howard,S. Jolly,V. Kasey,M. Khaleeq,Patrick Koppenburg,David Miller,R. Plackett,Darren Price,W. Reece,P. Savage,T. Savidge,Brinick Simmons,G. Vidal-Sitjes,D. Websdale,A. Affolder,J. Anderson,S.F. Biagi,T. J. V. Bowcock,J. Carroll,Gianluigi Casse,P. Cooke,S. Donleavy,L. Dwyer,Karol Hennessy,T. Huse,David Hutchcroft,D. Jones,M. Lockwood,M. McCubbin,R. McNulty,D. Muskett,A. Noor,G. D. Patel,Kurt Rinnert,Tara Shears,N. A. Smith,G. Southern,I. Stavitski,P. Sutcliffe,M. Tobin,S. M. Traynor,P.R. Turner,M. Whitley,M. Wormald,V. Wright,J.H. Bibby,S. Brisbane,Matthew Brock,Matthew Charles,C. Cioffi,Vladimir Gligorov,T. Handford,Neville Harnew,F. J. Harris,Malcolm John,M. Jones,J. Libby,L. Martin,I. A. Mcarthur,R. Muresan,C. Newby,B. Ottewell,A. Powell,N. Rotolo,R. Senanayake,L. Somerville,A. Soroko,P. Spradlin,P. Sullivan,I. Stokes-Rees,S. Topp-Jorgensen,F. Xing,Guy Wilkinson,Marina Artuso,Ivan Belyaev,S. Blusk,G. Lefeuvre,N. Menaa,R. Menaa-Sia,R. Mountain,T. Skwarnicki,Sheldon Stone,Jing Wang,L. Abadie,G. Aglieri-Rinella,E. Albrecht,J André,G. Anelli,N. Arnaud,Andre Augustinus,F. Bal,M. C. Barandela Pazos,A. Barczyk,M Bargiotti,J. C. Batista Lopes,O. Behrendt,S. Berni,P. Binko,V. Bobillier,A. Braem,L. Brarda,J. Buytaert,L. Camilleri,M. Cambpell,G. Castellani,F. Cataneo,Marco Cattaneo,B. Chadaj,Ph. Charpentier,S. Cherukuwada,E. Chesi,J. Christiansen,R. Chytracek,Marco Clemencic,Joel Closier,P. Collins,P. Colrain,O. C. Cooke,B. Corajod,Gloria Corti,Carmelo D'Ambrosio,B. Damodaran,C. David,S. De Capua,G. Decreuse,H. Degaudenzi,Hans Dijkstra,J. P. Droulez,D. Duarte Ramos,J. P. Dufey,Raphael Dumps,Doris Eckstein,M. Ferro-Luzzi,Frank Fiedler,Frank Filthaut,W. Flegel,Roger Forty,Clarisse Fournier,Markus Frank,Christoph Frei,Benjamin Gaidioz,C. Gaspar,Jean-Christophe Gayde,Ph. Gavillet,A. Go,G. Gracia Abril,J. S. Graulich,P A Giudici,A. Guirao Elias,P. Guglielmini,Thierry Gys,F. Hahn,S. Haider,John T Harvey,B Hay,J. A. Hernando Morata,J. Herranz Alvarez,E. van Herwijnen,H. J. Hilke,G. von Holtey,Wouter Hulsbergen,Richard Jacobsson,O. Jamet,Christian Joram,Beat Jost,Naoko Kanaya,J. Knaster Refolio,S. Koestner,M. Koratzinos,R. Kristic,Daniel Lacarrere,C. Lasseur,T. Lastovicka,M. Laub,Dietrich Liko,C. Lippmann,R. Lindner,M. Losasso,A. A. Maier,K. Mair,P. Maley,P. Mato Vila,G. Moine,J. Morant,M. Moritz,Jakub Moscicki,M. Muecke,H. Mueller,Tatsuya Nakada,Niko Neufeld,J. Ocariz,C. Padilla Aranda,Ulrich Parzefall,Maulik R. Patel,M. Pepe-Altarelli,D. Piedigrossi,M. Pivk,W. Pokorski,Sebastien Ponce,F. Ranjard,Werner Riegler,J. Renaud,Stefan Roiser,L. Roy,T. Ruf,D. Ruffinoni,S. Saladino,A. Sambade Varela,R. Santinelli,S. Schmelling,B. Schmidt,Thomas Schneider,André Schöning,A. Schopper,Jacques Séguinot,W. Snoeys,Alexander K. Smith,A.C. Smith,P. Somogyi,Radu Stoica,W. Tejessy,Frederic Teubert,E. G. Thomas,J. Toledo Alarcon,O. Ullaland,A. Valassi,P. Vannerem,Raymond Veness,P. Wicht,D. Wiedner,W. Witzeling,A.E. Wright,Kenneth Wyllie,T. Ypsilantis +889 more
TL;DR: The LHCb experiment is dedicated to precision measurements of CP violation and rare decays of B hadrons at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN (Geneva).
Journal ArticleDOI
Performance of the LHCb muon system
A. A. Alves,Lucio Anderlini,M. Anelli,R. Antunes Nobrega,G. Auriemma,Wander Baldini,G. Bencivenni,R. Berutti,Andrea Bizzeti,V. Bocci,Nikolay Bondar,W. Bonivento,B. Botchin,Sandro Cadeddu,P. Campana,G. Carboni,Alessandro Cardini,M. Carletti,Paolo Ciambrone,E. Dané S. De Capua,V. De Leo,C. Deplano,P. De Simone,Francesco Dettori,A. Falabella,F. Ferreira Rodriguez,M. Frosini,S. Furcas,E. Furfaro,G. Graziani,Lukas Gruber,Guido Haefeli,A. Kashchuk,Francesco Iacoangeli,A. Lai,G. Lanfranchi,M. Lenzi,O.Levitskaya K. Mair,O. Maev,G. Manca,M. Mara,G. Martellotti,A. Massafferri Rodrigues,R. Messi,F. Murtas,P. Neustroev,Rudolf Oldeman,M. Palutan,G. Passaleva,G. Penso,D. Pinci,E. Polycarpo,D. Raspino,G. Sabatino,Biagio Saitta,A. Salamon,R. Santacesaria,E. Santovetti,A. Saputi,Alessio Sarti,C. Satriano,A. Satta,M. Savrie,B. Schmidt,Torben Schneider,Barbara Sciascia,A. Sciubba,Nicola Serra,Pavel Shatalov,S. Vecchi,M. Veltri,Serguei Volkov,Alexey Vorobyev +72 more
TL;DR: The performance of the LHCb Muon system and its stability across the full 2010 data taking with LHC running at ps = 7 TeV energy is studied in this paper where the optimization of the detector setting and the time calibration performed with the first collisions delivered by LHC is described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Performance of the LHCb muon system
A. A. Alves,Lucio Anderlini,M. Anelli,R. Antunes Nobrega,G. Auriemma,Wander Baldini,G. Bencivenni,R. Berutti,Andrea Bizzeti,V. Bocci,Nikolay Bondar,W. Bonivento,B. Botchin,Sandro Cadeddu,P. Campana,Giovanni Carboni,Alessandro Cardini,M. Carletti,Paolo Ciambrone,E. Dané,S. De Capua,V. De Leo,C. Deplano,P. De Simone,Francesco Dettori,A. Falabella,F. Ferreira Rodriguez,M. Frosini,S. Furcas,E. Furfaro,G. Graziani,Lukas Gruber,Lukas Gruber,Guido Haefeli,A. Kashchuk,Francesco Iacoangeli,A. Lai,G. Lanfranchi,M. Lenzi,O. Levitskaya,K. Mair,O. Maev,G. Manca,M. Mara,G. Martellotti,A. Massafferri Rodrigues,R. Messi,F. Murtas,P. Neustroev,Rudolf Oldeman,M. Palutan,G. Passaleva,Gianni Penso,D. Pinci,E. Polycarpo,D. Raspino,G. Sabatino,Biagio Saitta,A. Salamon,R. Santacesaria,E. Santovetti,A. Saputi,Alessio Sarti,C. Satriano,A. Satta,M. Savrie,B. Schmidt,Thomas Schneider,Barbara Sciascia,A. Sciubba,Nicola Serra,Pavel Shatalov,S. Vecchi,M. Veltri,Serguei Volkov,Alexey Vorobyev +75 more
TL;DR: In this article, the performance of the LHCb Muon system and its stability across the full 2010 data taking with LHC running at root s = 7 TeV energy is studied.
Journal ArticleDOI
Observation of channeling for 6500 GeV/c protons in the crystal assisted collimation setup for LHC
W. Scandale,W. Scandale,Gianluigi Arduini,Mark Butcher,F. Cerutti,M. Garattini,Simone Gilardoni,A. Lechner,Roberto Losito,A. Masi,Daniele Mirarchi,S. Montesano,Stefano Redaelli,Roberto Rossi,P. Schoofs,George Smirnov,Gianluca Valentino,D. Breton,L. Burmistrov,V. Chaumat,S. Dubos,J. Maalmi,V. Puill,A. Stocchi,Enrico Bagli,Laura Bandiera,G. Germogli,Vincenzo Guidi,Andrea Mazzolari,Sultan B. Dabagov,F. Murtas,F. Addesa,G. Cavoto,Francesco Iacoangeli,L. Ludovici,R. Santacesaria,P. Valente,F. Galluccio,A. G. Afonin,Yu. A. Chesnokov,A. A. Durum,V. A. Maisheev,Yu.E. Sandomirskiy,A. A. Yanovich,Alexander Kovalenko,Alexander M. Taratin,A.S. Denisov,Yury A. Gavrikov,Yury Ivanov,L.P. Lapina,L.G. Malyarenko,Vyacheslav V. Skorobogatov,Thomas James,G. Hall,M. Pesaresi,Michel Raymond +55 more
TL;DR: In this paper, two high-accuracy goniometers equipped with two bent silicon crystals were installed in the betatron cleaning insertion of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) during its long shutdown.
Journal ArticleDOI
Volume reflection dependence of 400 GeV/c protons on the bent crystal curvature.
Walter Scandale,Alberto Vomiero,Stefano Baricordi,P. F. Dalpiaz,Massimiliano Fiorini,Vincenzo Guidi,Andrea Mazzolari,Riccardo Milan,Gianantonio Della Mea,G. Ambrosi,B. Bertucci,W. J. Burger,M. Duranti,Paolo Zuccon,G. Cavoto,Francesco Iacoangeli,Claudio Luci,S. Pisano,R. Santacesaria,Paolo Valente,E. Vallazza,A. G. Afonin,Yu. A. Chesnokov,V. I. Kotov,V. A. Maisheev,I.A. Yazynin,Alexander Kovalenko,Alexander M. Taratin,A.S. Denisov,Yu.A. Gavrikov,Yu. M. Ivanov,L.P. Lapina,L.G. Malyarenko,Vyacheslav V. Skorobogatov,V.M. Suvorov,Sergey Vavilov,Davide Bolognini,S. Hasan,D. Lietti,Aldo Mozzanica,M. Prest +40 more
TL;DR: The analysis performed at six different curvatures showing that the optimal radius for volume reflection is approximately 10 times greater than the critical radius for channeling.