Mechanisms of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Latency and Reactivation
TLDR
The cellular and molecular basis of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus latency and reactivation is reviewed with a focus on the most recent advancements in the field.Abstract:
The life cycle of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) consists of latent and lytic replication phases. During latent infection, only a limited number of KSHV genes are expressed. However, this phase of replication is essential for persistent infection, evasion of host immune response, and induction of KSHV-related malignancies. KSHV reactivation from latency produces a wide range of viral products and infectious virions. The resulting de novo infection and viral lytic products modulate diverse cellular pathways and stromal microenvironment, which promote the development of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). The mechanisms controlling KSHV latency and reactivation are complex, involving both viral and host factors, and are modulated by diverse environmental factors. Here, we review the cellular and molecular basis of KSHV latency and reactivation with a focus on the most recent advancements in the field.read more
Citations
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Cis and Trans Acting Factors Involved in Human Cytomegalovirus Experimental and Natural Latent Infection of CD14 (+) Monocytes and CD34 (+) Cells
TL;DR: Next generation sequencing deduced the transcriptome of HCMV latently infected CD14 (+) and CD34 (+) cells in experimental as well as natural latency settings and showed that the terminal repeat (TR) region of the latent viral genome is depleted of nucleosomes suggesting that this region may contain an element mediating viral genome maintenance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Anti-herpesvirus treatment and risk of Kaposi's sarcoma in HIV infection.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the association between use of anti-herpesvirus drugs and Kaposi's sarcoma in a large unselected group of patients with AIDS.
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Viral and cellular N6-methyladenosine and N6,2'-O-dimethyladenosine epitranscriptomes in the KSHV life cycle.
Brandon Tan,Hui Liu,Hui Liu,Songyao Zhang,Songyao Zhang,Suzane Ramos da Silva,Lin Zhang,Lin Zhang,Jia Meng,Xiaodong Cui,Hongfeng Yuan,Océane Sorel,Shao-Wu Zhang,Yufei Huang,Shou-Jiang Gao,Shou-Jiang Gao +15 more
TL;DR: It is shown that lytic replication induces dynamic epitranscriptome reprogramming of host pathways that control this process, which reveals a critical role of m6A/m modifications in KSHV lifecycle and provides rich resources for future investigations.
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KSHV LANA--the master regulator of KSHV latency.
TL;DR: The newly annotated latent genes and the role of major latent proteins in KSHV biology are discussed, including LANA, which is among the most abundantly expressed proteins during latency and is required for various nuclear functions including the recruitment of cellular machineries for viral DNA replication and segregation of the replicated genomes to daughter cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular Biology of KSHV Lytic Reactivation
TL;DR: Some of the pivotal genetic and epigenetic factors that control KSHV reactivation from the transcriptionally restricted latent program are discussed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Identification of herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma
Yuan Chang,Ethel Cesarman,Melissa S. Pessin,Frank Lee,Janice Culpepper,Daniel M. Knowles,Patrick S. Moore +6 more
TL;DR: unique sequences present in more than 90 percent of Kaposi's sarcoma tissues obtained from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) appear to define a new human herpesvirus.
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Kaposi's Sarcoma–Associated Herpesvirus-Like DNA Sequences in AIDS-Related Body-Cavity–Based Lymphomas
TL;DR: A high degree of conservation of KSHV sequences in Kaposi's sarcoma and in the eight lymphomas suggests the presence of the same agent in both lesions, suggesting that a novel herpesvirus has a pathogenic role in AIDS-related body-cavity-based lymphomas.
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Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in multicentric Castleman's disease
Jean Soulier,Laurence Grollet,Eric Oksenhendler,Patrice Cacoub,Dominique Cazals-Hatem,Paul Babinet,Marie-Françoise D'Agay,Jean-Pierre Clauvel,Marline Raphael,Laurent Degos,François Sigaux +10 more
TL;DR: Data suggest that KSHV could play a role in the pathogenesis of MCD, especially in HIV-infected patients, which is a close association with Kaposi's sarcoma.
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Viral FLICE-inhibitory proteins (FLIPs) prevent apoptosis induced by death receptors
Margot Thome,Pascal Schneider,Kay Hofmann,Helmut Fickenscher,Edgar Meinl,Frank Neipel,Chantal Mattmann,Kim Burns,Jean Luc Bodmer,Michael Schröter,Carsten Scaffidi,Peter H. Krammer,Marcus E. Peter,Jürg Tschopp +13 more
TL;DR: A new family of viral inhibitors (v-FLIPs) which interfere with apoptosis signalled through death receptors3 and which are present in several γ-herpesviruses (including Kaposi's-sarcoma-associated human herpesvirus-8), as well as in the tumorigenic human molluscipoxvirus4.
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Identification of microRNAs of the herpesvirus family
Sébastien Pfeffer,Alain Sewer,Mariana Lagos-Quintana,Robert L. Sheridan,Chris Sander,Friedrich A. Grässer,Linda F. van Dyk,C. Kiong Ho,C. Kiong Ho,Stewart Shuman,Minchen Chien,James J. Russo,Jingyue Ju,Glenn Randall,Brett D. Lindenbach,Charles M. Rice,Viviana Simon,David D. Ho,Mihaela Zavolan,Thomas Tuschl +19 more
TL;DR: To identify other miRNA genes in pathogenic viruses, a new miRNA gene prediction method with small-RNA cloning from several virus-infected cell types was combined and predicted miRNAs in several large DNA viruses.