Epigenetic Variation May Compensate for Decreased Genetic Variation with Introductions: A Case Study Using House Sparrows ( Passer domesticus ) on Two Continents
Aaron W. Schrey,Courtney A. C. Coon,Michael T. Grispo,Mohammed Awad,Titus Imboma,Earl D. McCoy,Henry R. Mushinsky,Christina L. Richards,Lynn B. Martin +8 more
TLDR
Methylation diversity was similar between populations, in spite of known lower genetic diversity in Nairobi, which suggests that epigenetic variation may compensate for decreased genetic diversity as a source of phenotypic variation during introduction.Abstract:
Epigenetic mechanisms impact several phenotypic traits and may be important for ecology and evolution. The introduced house sparrow (Passer domesticus) exhibits extensive phenotypic variation among and within populations. We screened methylation in populations from Kenya and Florida to determine if methylation varied among populations, varied with introduction history (Kenyan invasion <50 years old, Florida invasion ~150 years old), and could potentially compensate for decrease genetic variation with introductions. While recent literature has speculated on the importance of epigenetic effects for biological invasions, this is the first such study among wild vertebrates. Methylation was more frequent in Nairobi, and outlier loci suggest that populations may be differentiated. Methylation diversity was similar between populations, in spite of known lower genetic diversity in Nairobi, which suggests that epigenetic variation may compensate for decreased genetic diversity as a source of phenotypic variation during introduction. Our results suggest that methylation differences may be common among house sparrows, but research is needed to discern whether methylation impacts phenotypic variation.read more
Citations
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Invasion of diverse habitats by few Japanese knotweed genotypes is correlated with epigenetic differentiation
TL;DR: It is found that the relatively little genetic variation present was differentiated among species, with less differentiation among sites within species, and epigenetic effects could contribute to phenotypic variation in genetically depauperate invasive populations.
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Transposable elements as agents of rapid adaptation may explain the genetic paradox of invasive species
TL;DR: It is hypothesized that activity of transposable elements can explain rapid adaptation despite low genetic variation (the genetic paradox of invasive species), and a framework under which this hypothesis can be tested using recently developed and emerging genomic technologies is provided.
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How stable 'should' epigenetic modifications be? insights from adaptive plasticity and bet hedging
TL;DR: Stability of environmentally induced epigenetic states over an organism's lifetime is most likely to be favored when the organism accurately responds to a single environmental change that subsequently remains constant, or when the environmental change cues an irreversible developmental transition.
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Patterns of DNA Methylation Throughout a Range Expansion of an Introduced Songbird
TL;DR: Methylation may increase phenotypic variation and/or plasticity in response to new environments and therefore be an important source of inter-individual variation for adaptation in these environments, particularly over the short timescales over which invasions occur.
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Scoring and analysis of methylation‐sensitive amplification polymorphisms for epigenetic population studies
TL;DR: A new scoring approach is advocated that separately takes into account different methylation types and thus seems appropriate for drawing more detailed conclusions in ecological or evolutionary contexts.
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