Journal ArticleDOI
The versatile use of exhaled volatile organic compounds in human health and disease
Agnes W. Boots,Joep J B N van Berkel,Jan W. Dallinga,Agnieszka Smolinska,Emile F Wouters,Frederik J. van Schooten +5 more
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TLDR
The currently available methodologies regarding sampling, sample analysis and data processing as well as their advantages and potential drawbacks are described and different application possibilities of VOC profiling are discussed.Abstract:
Exhaled breath contains thousands of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of which the composition varies depending on health status. Various metabolic processes within the body produce volatile products that are released into the blood and will be passed on to the airway once the blood reaches the lungs. Moreover, the occurrence of chronic inflammation and/or oxidative stress can result in the excretion of volatile compounds that generate unique VOC patterns. Consequently, measuring the total amount of VOCs in exhaled air, a kind of metabolomics also referred to as breathomics, for clinical diagnosis and monitoring purposes gained increased interest over the last years. This paper describes the currently available methodologies regarding sampling, sample analysis and data processing as well as their advantages and potential drawbacks. Additionally, different application possibilities of VOC profiling are discussed. Until now, breathomics has merely been applied for diagnostic purposes. Exhaled air analysis can, however, also be applied as an analytical or monitoring tool. Within the analytic perspective, the use of VOCs as biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation or carcinogenesis is described. As monitoring tool, breathomics can be applied to elucidate the heterogeneity observed in chronic diseases, to study the pathogen(s) responsible for occurring infections and to monitor treatment efficacy.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
The human volatilome: volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath, skin emanations, urine, feces and saliva
Anton Amann,Anton Amann,Ben de Lacy Costello,Wolfram Miekisch,Jochen K. Schubert,Bogusław Buszewski,Joachim D. Pleil,Norman M. Ratcliffe,Terence H. Risby +8 more
TL;DR: In future studies, combined investigations of a particular compound with regard to human matrices such as breath, urine, saliva and cell culture investigations will lead to novel scientific progress in the field.
Journal ArticleDOI
Assessment, origin, and implementation of breath volatile cancer markers
Hossam Haick,Yoav Y. Broza,Pawel Mochalski,Vera Ruzsanyi,Vera Ruzsanyi,Anton Amann,Anton Amann +6 more
TL;DR: This review presents a list of 115 validated cancer-related VOCs published in the literature during the past decade, and classify them with respect to their "fat-to-blood" and "blood- to-air" partition coefficients, which provide an estimation of the relative concentrations of V OCs in alveolar breath, in blood and in the fat compartments of the human body.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sensors for Breath Testing: From Nanomaterials to Comprehensive Disease Detection
Gady Konvalina,Hossam Haick +1 more
TL;DR: This Account pays particular attention to the technological gaps and confounding factors that impede nanomaterial-sensor-based breath testing, in the hope of directing future research and development efforts towards the best possible approaches to overcome these obstacles.
Journal ArticleDOI
Volatile Metabolites of Pathogens: A Systematic Review
TL;DR: An overview of VOCs produced by the six most abundant and pathogenic bacteria in sepsis, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli is provided.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nanomaterial-based sensors for detection of disease by volatile organic compounds.
Yoav Y. Broza,Hossam Haick +1 more
TL;DR: A concise, yet didactic review on a new diagnostics frontier based on the detection of disease-related volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by means of nanomaterial-based sensors using chemical, optical and mechanical transducers incorporating the most important classes ofnanomaterials.
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