International Journal of Nano and Biomaterials 

About: International Journal of Nano and Biomaterials is an academic journal published by Inderscience Publishers. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Thin film & Nanoparticle. It has an ISSN identifier of 1752-8933. Over the lifetime, 180 publications have been published receiving 969 citations. The journal is also known as: Nnano and biomaterials & IJNBM.

Review: titanium and titanium alloy applications in medicine

Abstract: Titanium may be considered a relatively new engineering material. It was discovered much later than the other commonly used metals, its commercial application starting in the late 1940s. Its usage as an implant material began in the 1960s, despite the fact that titanium exhibits superior corrosion resistance and tissue acceptance when compared with stainless steels and Cr-Co-based alloys. This paper reviews the use of titanium and titanium alloys for use in biomedical applications.

Nanotechnology in biomedical applications: a review

Abstract: Incorporation of functionalised and modified nanostructures in various biomedical applications has generated considerable research interest in recent years. The applications of nanotechnology in medicine and biomedical engineering are vast and spans areas such as implant and tissue engineering, diagnosis and therapy. The present scenario demands designing of nanotools which can respond to the needs of biological problems and prepare more efficient biomedical approaches. This article reviews recent developments in nanobiotechnology with special emphasis on load bearing implants and novel tissue engineered scaffolds. Novel research approaches in nanomedicine and major challenges to practical applications are also highlighted.

Viability and topographical analysis of microencapsulated β-cells exposed to a biotransformed tertiary bile acid: an ex vivo study

Abstract: Microencapsulated pancreatic β-cells have been studied as an ideal system for delivering insulin. However, the clinical applications have not been achieved. We tried multiple excipients/ratios and various methods for producing suitable microcapsules, but success remains limited. A recent study used the tertiary bile acid, taurocholic acid (TCA), to improve the rectal delivery of insulin while another study used TCA to improve the oral delivery of heparin. Thus, in this study, we used TCA in different formulations, using a new microencapsulating method, to study its suitability for β-cell microencapsulation. Using a methodology at set temperature of 37°C, amplitude of 1.5 and a total gelation time of 21 minutes, ten different formulations were examined (with or without TCA) and all formulations showed similar cell viability, which was enhanced by TCA addition. This suggests potential benefits of our microencapsulating parameters and TCA in β-cells microencapsulation.

Electrospun nanofibres of polycaprolactone, and their use for tendon regeneration

Abstract: Inferior scar tissue formed when injured tendons heal often results in ongoing pain and site morbidity. With current treatments being ineffective, there is a clinical need for a tissue engineered approach. Electrospinning produces nanofibres with morphologies and architectures similar to the natural extra cellular matrix. Research incorporating electrospinning for tendon regeneration is limited. We report the effects of varying process parameters for fabricating electrospun polycaprolactone nanofibres, and the methods of fibre collection to achieve uniaxially aligned fibre bundles, particularly when spun into a liquid reservoir. We aim to group these bundles to develop a temporary scaffold mimicking the hierarchical tendon structure.

Nanocomposite materials with antimicrobial activity based on chitosan

Abstract: Chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) were prepared by ionic gelation using sodium tripolyphosphate. Metal-enhanced CNP were prepared using the same procedure in the presence of Cu 2+ and Ag+, respectively. The nanoparticulate materials were characterised by FTIR, SEM and antimicrobial assays. The CNP showed higher antimicrobial effect than chitosan against S. saprophyticus and E. coli . The effect did not seem to depend on the molecular weight of the starting chitosan. Cu 2+ and Ag+, both known as antimicrobial agents, showed synergistic effects with chitosan against both organisms. The skin regenerative potential of CNP and metal-enhanced CNP was tested by assessing skin cell (fibroblast, keratinocyte) proliferation. The present study also suggests that chitosan and its nanoparticles inhibits MMP-1 expression in skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes, and may thereby inhibit skin aging and facilitate the ECM remodelling phase of wound healing.