Leroy F. Liu

TL;DR: A set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of the methods that can be used by investigators who are attempting to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as by reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that investigate these processes are presented.

TL;DR: The discovery of E. coli topoisomerase I led to the proposal that the enzyme may form a high-energy covalent bond between itself and the transiently broken DNA phosphodiester bond, and these predictions have turned out to be correct.

TL;DR: Camptothecin class of compounds has been demonstrated to be effective against a broad spectrum of tumors and two novel repair responses to topo‐I‐mediated DNA damage involving covalent modifications of topo-I have been discovered.

TL;DR: It is proposed that one or several of these events triggers S-phase-specific cell killing and G2-phase cell cycle arrest and the interaction between an advancing replication fork and a topoisomerase I-camptothecin-DNA-cleavable complex results in irreversible arrest of the replication fork.

TL;DR: Yeast is used as a model system to characterize the cellular consequence of ATG (autophagy-related) gene deletions and indicates that an autophagy defect has a functional impact on various aspects of mitochondrial functions and suggests a critical role of autophagic in mitochondria maintenance.