Federica Di Sano

TL;DR: A set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of the methods that can be used by investigators who are attempting to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as by reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that investigate these processes are presented.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes.

TL;DR: It is shown here that in the absence of the apoptosome ER stress induces cytochrome c release from the mitochondria but that apoptosis cannot occur, and caspase 12, a protease until now believed to play a central role in the initiation of ER stress-induced cell death in the mouse system, is dispensable for the mitochondrial pathway of death to take place.

TL;DR: The data exemplify that a given cell may flexibly respond to type and degree of (micro)environmental changes or cell death stimuli; a cell's response may shift gradually from the elimination of damaged proteins by autophagy and the recovery to autophagic or apoptotic pathways of cell death, the failure of which eventually may result in necrosis.

TL;DR: A novel pathway of fenretinide-induced apoptosis is mediated by acidic sphingomyelinase, glucosylceramide synthase, and GD3 synthases, which may represent targets for future drug development.