Carl G. Feng

TL;DR: These guidelines are presented for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that, although mice deficient in the receptor for IL-21 (IL-21R) have normal lymphoid development, after immunization, these animals have higher production of the immunoglobulin IgE, but lower IgG1, than wild-type animals, suggesting that these γc-dependent cytokines may be those whose inactivation is primarily responsible for the B cell defect in humans with XSCID.

TL;DR: A previously unappreciated role for TLR9 is revealed in the host response to M. tuberculosis and TLR collaboration in host resistance to a major human pathogen is illustrated.

TL;DR: In this article, the source of regulatory IL-10 in mice infected with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii was analyzed and it was found that the same IFN-10(+)IFN-gamma(gamma) population displayed potent effector function against the parasite while, paradoxically, also inducing profound suppression of IL-12 production by antigen-presenting cells.

TL;DR: The data demonstrate that IL-23 and not IL-12 is essential for the development of maximal intestinal disease, and support a model in which IL- 23 drives both interferon γ and IL-17 responses that together synergize to trigger severe intestinal inflammation.