Richard A. Lockshin

TL;DR: These guidelines are presented for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes.

TL;DR: Experimental and therapeutic procedures must account for the possibility that cells that are in trouble can activate numerous physiological pathways toward self-destruction, leading to variant forms of cell death that may display one or more characteristics of apoptosis.

TL;DR: This article attempts to provide answers by explaining how and when a change in autophagic pathway activity such as primary stress response is able to affect cell viability and when not and provides new concepts that set autophagy into an energetic feedback loop, that may assist in the understanding of Autophagy in maintaining healthy cells or when it controls the threshold between cell death and cell survival.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that among the multiple autophagy-inducing pathways during infection, ER stress signaling is more important to viral replication and protection of cells than either ATM or ROS-mediated signaling.

TL;DR: The rapid development of the field has given substantial understanding of how cell death is achieved, and this knowledge has made it possible to understand that there are multiple pathways to death and that the commitment to die is not the same as execution.