Tai-Ho Hung

TL;DR: These guidelines are presented for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes.

TL;DR: It is concluded that H/R stimulates apoptotic changes within the syncytiotrophoblast, whereas hypoxia principally induces necrosis, and the quality of placental perfusion may be a more important factor in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia than the absolute quantity.

TL;DR: Evidence is presented to show that there is a plausible basis from which to assume that blood flow in the intervillous space will be intermittent in all normal pregnancies, and to view the syndrome as a continuum of H/R insults.

TL;DR: In vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation may represent a suitable model system for investigating the generation of placental oxidative stress in preeclampsia and other complications of pregnancy, and preloading placental tissues with the reactive oxygen species scavengers desferrioxamine and alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone reduced levels of oxidative stress after reoxygenations.

TL;DR: Results are consistent with the hypothesis that intermittent perfusion of the placenta, secondary to reduced trophoblast invasion, causes increased secretion of TNF-alpha, and that this contributes to the activation of maternal endothelial cells that characterizes preeclampsia.