Ravi K. Amaravadi

TL;DR: These guidelines are presented for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes.

TL;DR: Vemurafenib induces clinical responses in more than half of patients with previously treated BRAF V600-mutant metastatic melanoma, and the median overall survival in this study with a long follow-up was approximately 16 months.

TL;DR: Major tumour regressions are reported in a subset of patients with metastatic melanoma treated with an anti-CTLA4 antibody and radiation and reproduced this effect in mouse models, showing that PD-L1 on melanoma cells allows tumours to escape anti- NCTLA4-based therapy, and the combination of radiation, anti- CTLA4 and anti-PD-L 1 promotes response and immunity through distinct mechanisms.

TL;DR: Blood profiling of peripheral blood from patients with stage IV melanoma before and after treatment with the PD-1-targeting antibody pembrolizumab is used to identify pharmacodynamic changes in circulating exhausted-phenotype CD8 T cells (Tex cells) and identify a clinically accessible potential on-treatment predictor of response to PD- 1 blockade.

TL;DR: Evidence that autophagy serves as a survival pathway in tumor cells treated with apoptosis activators and a rationale for the use of autophagic inhibitors such as chloroquine in combination with therapies designed to induce apoptosis in human cancers are provided.