Ludger Klein

TL;DR: These guidelines are presented for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes.

TL;DR: Aire-deficient thymic medullary epithelial cells showed a specific reduction in ectopic transcription of genes encoding peripheral antigens, highlighting the importance of thymically imposed “central” tolerance in controlling autoimmunity.

TL;DR: It is discussed how the particular composition of the peptide–MHC ligandomes that are presented by specific APC subsets not only shapes the T cell repertoire in the thymus but may also indelibly imprint the behaviour of mature T cells in the periphery.

TL;DR: It is found that this promiscuous gene expression was a cell-autonomous property of medullary epithelial cells and was maintained during the entire period of thymic T cell output, which may facilitate tolerance induction to self-antigens that would otherwise be temporally or spatially secluded from the immune system.

TL;DR: The immunoglobulin κ–controlled expression of an agonist in different cell types correlated with the phenotype of the generated TR cells, and it was found that aberrant expression on thymic stroma yielded predominantly CD4+CD25+TR cells, which—under physiological conditions—may be induced by ectopically expressed organ-specific antigens and thus prevent organ- specific autoimmunity.